NOTE:- ENGLISH AND HINDI LANGUAGE:-
प्रश्न--"लोदी शासको
में सिकन्दर लोदी महानतम शासक था।" विवेचना कीजिए।
अथवा
सिकंदर लोदी का चरित्र और उपलब्धियों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।
अथवा
"सिकन्दर लोदी अपने वंश का सर्वश्रेष्ठ शासक
था" व्याख्या कीजिए।
Dr Om Prakash Singh
राजपूत राज्यो के विरुद्ध भी सिकंदर को कुछ सफलता मिली। उसने धौलपुर, मन्द्रायल, नटवर, नागौर, ग्वालियर, जौनपुर, इटावा आदि प्रदेशो के भूमिपतियों पर आतंक जमाने के लिए एक स्थान पर सैनिक छावनियां स्थापित की और सैनिको के लिए भवनों का निर्माण करवाया। यही स्थान वर्तमान में आगरा है। इसकी नीव 1504 ई0 में सुल्तान सिकन्दर लोदी ने डाली थी।
Must Read It:सल्तनतकालीन महत्वपूर्ण ऐतिहासिक कृतियाँ
8*
सिकन्दर लोदी के अन्य सुधार----
राज्य की प्रशासनिक व्यवस्था सुधारने के लिए सिकन्दर लोदी ने अनेक कार्य किये, उसने
न्याय की समुचित व्यवस्था की। वह स्वयं न्याय प्रबंध में गहरी रुचि रखता था।
न्यायिक मामलों में उलेमाओ की भी सहायता लेता था। यद्यपि न्यायिक व्यवस्था का वह
स्वयं ही प्रधान था।
राज्य की आर्थिक स्थिति सुधारने के लिए उसने
जमीन की माप करवाई एवं उपज के अनुसार लगान तय किया गया। जमीन की उचित माप के लिए
उसने 30 इंच
लम्बे गज की व्यवस्था की जो आगे चलकर "सिकंदरी-गज"
के नाम से विख्यात हुई। अनाज पर से चुंगी हटा ली गई, इसके
चलते अनाज काफी सस्ता हो गया और जनता को कष्ट नही उठाने पड़े।
IN ENGLISH:-
Question-
"Sikandar Lodi was the greatest ruler among the Lodi rulers." Discuss.
Or
Evaluate the
character and achievements of Sikandri Lodi.
Or
"Sikandar Lodi was the best ruler of his dynasty" Explain.
Answer--Sikandar
Lodi was the most capable ruler of the Lodi dynasty. Both then and modern
historians have praised Sikandar Lodi. He completed the works of Bahlol Lodi
and erected a building on the foundation of the Lodi dynasty. He did not lack
administrative qualities. He was also a patron of art, skill and scholars and
was also interested in the works of public interest, but his policy of religious
intolerance is severely criticized. After the death of Bahlol Lodi, after
defeating his rivals through his diplomacy, Sikandar Lodi ascended the
throne of Delhi in 1489 AD.
Achievements
of Sikandar Lodi------- Sikandar Lodi was the most
deserving of Bahlol Lodi's sons. The incident of his reign is presented as a
bright example to prove this point. In which he introduced his ability, for
which we must study his following achievements which are as follows-------
1*
Control of rebellion ---- Sikandar Lodi first had to face
the opposition of his uncle Alam Khan. He suppressed the power of his uncle
Alam Khan who was the ruler of Rapri. He attacked Rapri. Alam Khan could not
face him and he took refuge with Isa Khan, the ruler of Patiala. But after some
time Sikandar Lodi joined Alam Khan on his side and made him the ruler of
Etawah. After that he suppressed the power of Isa Khan. He also suppressed some
of the rich, which made his power very strong.
2*
War with Barbak Shah ---- In the beginning he treated Barbak
Shah with brotherhood. After initial difficulties and suppression of the
nobles, he turned his attention to Barbak Shah. He sent a message to him to
accept him as the Sultan. But he did not agree, but he started preparing for
the war, the result was a war between the two armies near Kannauj, in which
Barbak Shah was defeated. In the end he was forced to surrender. Sikandar
treated him very generously and made him the Subedar of Jaunpur. But Barbak
proved unworthy. In the end, he was caught and put in jail.
3*
The conquest of Kalpi, Gwalior and Bayana--- After this the
Sultan proceeded towards Kalpi. He appointed Muhammad Khan Lodi as its ruler.
After retiring from Kalpi, Sikandar Lodi attacked Gwalior and forced the ruler
there to accept his subjugation. After this he suppressed Bayana's rebellion.
4*
Suppression of Jaunpur's rebellion-- On his return to
Delhi, he got information about the rebellion of the Zamindars of Jaunpur.
Barbak Shah could not suppress them. The Sultan reached Jaunpur and ruthlessly
suppressed the rebels. The Sultan could not even turn his back on Jaunpur that
the fire of rebellion was ignited again. Sikandar Lodi defeated the rebels near
Banaras.
5*
Victory of Bihar---- Sikandar soon took Bihar under his
control. Due to which the ruler of Bengal Alauddin Hussain Shah became very
angry. A treaty was made between both of them, in which it was decided that
neither of the two would try to take possession of each other's border.
6*
Suppression of the power of the amirs----- Sikandar Lodi
behaved very harshly with the amirs because the amirs were a headache for the
sultan, he hated their rebellious tendencies because the amirs always indulged
in riots and conspiracies. To suppress them, he asked for an account of income
and expenditure, those rich who could not give proper account of income and
expenditure, were punished severely. The Sultan started issuing farmans to the
amirs. Now it became necessary to honor his orders even in his absence. The
Sultan's spies used to inform the events of the state and the activities of the
nobles to the Sultan. This established a tight control of the Sultan over the
amirs. In fact, Sikandar Lodi gave a new form to the theory of Afghan kingship.
7*
Establishment of Agra city ---- Alexander also got
some success against Rajput states. He established military cantonments at one
place to instill terror on the landowners of Dholpur, Mandrayal, Natwar,
Nagaur, Gwalior, Jaunpur, Etawah etc. and got buildings constructed for the
soldiers. This place is presently Agra. Its foundation was laid by Sultan
Sikandar Lodi in 1504 AD.
8
* Other reforms of Sikandar Lodi--- Sikandar Lodi did many
things to improve the administrative system of the state, he made proper system
of justice. He himself was deeply interested in the administration of justice.
He also took the help of the Ulemao in judicial matters. Although he himself
was the head of the judicial system.
To improve the economic condition of the state, he got the land measured and the rent was fixed according to the yield. For the proper measurement of the land, he arranged for 30 inches long yard, which later became known as "Sikandari-Gaj". The octroi was removed from the grain, due to which the grain became very cheap and the public did not have to suffer.
Evaluation
of the character and achievements of Sikandar Lodi—
Sikandar
Lodi was the best ruler of the Lodi dynasty, Dr. K.S. Lal has written
that "Sikandar Shah ruled 29 years with opulence and success. He was the
best ruler of the Lodi dynasty." And he proved himself more successful
than his father Bahlol and his son Ibrahim Lodi." The evaluation of his
character and achievements can be done under the following heads--
1*
Eligible and mighty ruler---- Sikandar Lodi was a
really capable and mighty ruler. He was courageous and war-loving. This is
proved by his military campaigns. He was a successful general; it is evident
from the expansion of his empire. He had expanded the empire to Bihar and
completely established his control over the territories around Delhi. He also
organized his intelligence department well so that he could get information
about the events of the empire quickly and authentically. He also provided many
facilities to the farmers and traders and carried the same type of weights and
weights. The result of this was that the prices of goods became very cheap; he
also corrected the management of 'Goods Department' and got the accounts of the
landlords checked. He used to help the poor and the poor a lot.
2*
As an intolerant ruler----- Sikandar Lodi proved to be
intolerant from the religious point of view. Historians of the time also called
his policy of bigotry. Nizamuddin Ahmed wrote that "his fanaticism in
Islam was so great that he had crossed the limit of extreme in this area."
During his conquest, he destroyed the temples of Dholpur, Chamberi, Mandrel
etc. of Hindu religion. Along with this, he prohibited women in Islam from
going to the tomb of Piro and Saints. Not only this, during his reign, he had also
banned Muslims from celebrating Muharram and going out to Tazia. The same
Sikandar Lodi never kept a beard to maintain his beauty.
3*
The patron of literature and scholars----- Sikandar Lodi
was a skilled ruler as well as an educated and great learned ruler. Many
high-ranking scholars also came to his court for protection. According to
historians, 70 cultured scholars used to give their opinion on different
subjects every night in his court. He himself was also a good writer and used
to write poems under the nickname "Gulrukhi". During this
period, many Sanskrit texts were also translated into Persian. On his own
orders an Ayurvedic treatise was translated into Persian. Whose name was named "Farhange
Sikandri". The collection of many ancient texts and the creation of
new texts was the specialty of his time.
Conclusion---Conclusion: Based on the above details, it can be said that Sikandar Lodi was a successful Sultan. He succeeded in carrying forward the work started by his father. If Bahlol Lodi had established the Lodi dynasty in the state of Delhi, then Sikandar Lodi had expanded and strengthened it more than before.
TAGS:- Achievements of Sikandri Lodi., Establishment of Agra city,reforms of Sikandar Lodi, Medievalhistory