NOTE:- HINDI AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE
क़ुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक कालीन स्थापत्य:
क़ुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक न केवल एक योग्य सेनापति ही था, वह स्थापत्यकला से भी प्रेम करता था। अतः ऐबक ने स्थापत्य कला के विकास में अपना महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया। उसने अपने अल्पकालीन शासन काल में अनेक इमारतों एवं भवनों का निर्माण करवाया। क़ुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक द्वारा निर्मित प्रमुख इमारते निम्नलिखित है----
कुव्वत-उल-इस्लाम मस्जिद
कुतुब मीनार
अढाई दिन का झोपड़ा
IN ENGLISH:-
Architecture of Qutbuddin Aibak period:-
Qutbuddin Aibak was not only a capable general, he also loved architecture. Therefore, Aibak made an important contribution to the development of architecture. He got many buildings and buildings constructed during his short reign. Following are the major buildings built by Qutubuddin Aibak----
Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque---- After defeating Prithviraj Chauhan III in the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 AD, Qutbuddin Aibak built the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque there after capturing his fort Raipithora. This was the first mosque built in India by the Turks. According to historian John Marshall, this mosque was built on the ruins of 27 Jain temples under construction. The lattice, pillars and doors in the mosque were the remains of the temples itself. For the first time in this mosque, features like strength and beauty of Islamic architecture have been highlighted. The area of the mosque was increased during the time of Iltutmish and Alauddin Khilji. The outstanding feature of this mosque is its Maqsura and the Qibla Liwan associated with it. This mosque is situated on a 212 feet long and 150 feet wide right-angled platform. This is the first example of architecture built in the Indo-Islamic style in which a distinct Hindu influence is visible.
Qutub Minar----- Its construction work was started by Qutubuddin Aibak in 1206 AD. Qutubuddin Aibak wanted to get four floors of this building constructed. But he died only after the construction of one floor. Later its remaining storeys were built by Iltutmish, Iltutmish built three storeys of it (total four floors till now). In 1369 AD, the upper storey of the minaret was damaged due to lightning, then Firoz Shah Tughlaq got the damaged floor repaired and a new floor was constructed (total five floors till now). The minaret was damaged due to an earthquake in 1505 AD, later it was repaired by Sikandar Lodi. This building built in five floors was 71•4 meters high. Qutub Minar was built in the memory of Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki. This tower is located in Mehrauli village, 12 miles from Delhi. Initially this mosque was used for Anjaan (calling for prayer) but later on it came to be considered as Kirti Stambh.
Percy Brown believes that "The Qutub Minar was built to proclaim to the world the power of Islam. It was a symbol of justice, supremacy and a pillar of righteousness. He considered it a symbol of the shadow of Allah on the east and west. "The lower part of Qutub Minar is about 15 meters, which goes up and remains only 3 meters. The first three storeys of Qutub Minar are made of stone, whose outer covering is red. In the upper two storeys, red stone has been used from inside and white stone is covered from outside. To enter this tower, there is a door in the north direction. 375 steps have been made in the tower to climb up.
When I wanted to know the history of "Adhai Din Ka Jhopra", after reading and understanding many historical books and articles, it seemed that this building was the heritage of Chauhan dynasty before it was built by the Turks. . The history of the building called Adhai Din Ka Jhopra is as follows----
Aadhai Din Ka Jhopra was once the heritage of the Chauhan dynasty: - At the time of the establishment of the power of the Turks in India, there was the rule of many Rajput clans in North India. In which there was also a great dynasty Chauhan dynasty, the great ruler of this dynasty was Vigraharaj IV, who was also known as Vishal Dev. He belonged to the Chauhan dynasty of Shakambhari. Vigraharaj IV got a Sanskrit college built in Ajmer. This college was built in a square shape and a dome-shaped pavilion was built on each corner of this building. A temple was also built on this. Which is dedicated to Saraswati Devi. The play Harikela is also engraved on this building. Looking at the construction of this building, it seemed that the features of Hindu and Jain architecture are included in its construction. Some historians believe that Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya was the college of Jains. The local people here believe that Seth Veeram Dev had built this college to celebrate Panch Kalyan. In 1192 AD, Aibak built this mosque (two-and-a-half din ka hut) after Muhammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan III in the Second Battle of Tarain.
The heritage of the Delhi Sultanate is the Aadhai Din Ka Jhopra---Qutubuddin Aibak built Aadhai Din Ka Jhopra, which is actually a mosque in Ajmer, Rajasthan. Once Muhammad Ghori was passing through Ajmer after defeating Prithviraj Chauhan, he saw many temples on the way but no mosque. That is why he ordered his servant, Qutbuddin Aibak, to build a mosque for offering prayers. Ghori also ordered that the mosque should be built within two and a half days. According to an inscription, this mosque was completed in 1199 AD. Qutbuddin Aibak's successor Iltutmish also built a lattice wall with arches and inscriptions. The inscriptions mention Iltutmish and the supervisor as Ahmad Ibn Muhammad al-Arid.
Like the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, the ruins of a demolished temple or monastery have been used in the construction of this mosque. This mosque is larger and more attractive than the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque. The size of this mosque was later expanded by Iltutmish. Three pillars have been used in this mosque, on top of which a 20-feet high ceiling has been built, in which five arched doors have also been made. The main door is the highest. Ringed and flute-shaped minarets are built in each corner of the mosque.
Controversy over the name of Adhai Din Ka Jhopra----- There is a dispute among historians regarding the name of this mosque. All historians have a different opinion on the name of this mosque. Regarding its name, John Marshall says that "Because this mosque was decided in just two and a half days, that's why this mosque is called a two-and-a-half day hut." Percy Brown says that "There was a hut here in ancient times. A two-and-a-half-day fair used to be held in this place, due to which this place was called a two-and-a-half-day hut. According to a legend, the life of a man goes to the earth for two and a half days, that is why it was called a hut for two and a half days. There are some other beliefs that during the Maratha period, the fakirs used to observe the festival of Urs and this Urs was organized for two and a half days, hence the name of this mosque was named Adhai Din Ka Jhopra. Similar is the view of Percy Brown.
TAGS:- कुव्वत-उल-इस्लाम मस्जिद, कुतुब मीनार, अढाई दिन का झोपड़ा.