NOTE:- ENGLISH AND HINDI LANGUAGE:-
प्रश्न----- अकबर की राजपूत नीति की समीक्षा कीजिये।
अथवा
अकबर की राजपूत नीति के कारण एवं परिणाम का वर्णन कीजिए।
Dr Om Prakash Singh
- Must Read It:-Was Akbar a national ruler
- Must Read It:- Review Akbar's religious policy.
IN ENGLISH:-
Question----- Review the Rajput policy of Akbar.
Or
Describe the causes and consequences of Akbar's Rajput policy.
Ans- Akbar was a visionary politician. He wanted to organize India into a huge empire. He had understood from the very beginning that without the help of Hindus it is difficult to secure his kingdom and to carry forward his dynasty. It was necessary for him to get the cooperation of the Hindus, especially the Rajput caste, because he knew that in the absence of the cooperation of the Rajputs, his father Humayun had to flee India. Therefore, Akbar absorbed this fact in his heart with his foresight, which his ancestors had made a mistake in understanding. He had understood very well that over the Rajputs, who have vast territory under their control, there are innumerable military forces, who are firm in their words and are famous for their valor, can be trusted and befriended. Is. As a result, he decided to get the cooperation of Rajputs. Thus the following reasons can be seen for the formation of Rajput policy of Akbar.
*Because of Akbar's liberal Rajput policy*
(1) Akbar believed that it is not possible to establish a permanent state in a Hindu dominated country without the cooperation of Rajputs.
(2) Akbar was worried about the rebellion of his selfish Muslim chiefs, so he wanted to get the cooperation of Rajputs to keep the empire safe.
(3) Rajput was a courageous, mighty and brave caste. Therefore, Akbar wanted to get the cooperation of this caste.
(4) Akbar was also worried about the increasing influence of the Afghans.
(5) Akbar considered Rajput-friendship relations indispensable for the success of the imperialist policy.
(6) Akbar wanted to establish a national state in India, based on Hindu-Muslim interests.
Akbar's work to implement Rajput policy --- To understand clearly the Rajput policy of Akbar, it can be seen under the following contexts----
(a) Matrimonial relations:---- To establish close relations with Rajputs, Akbar established marital relations with the princesses of many Rajput clans. Akbar first married the daughter of Raja Bharmal of Amer in 1561. After that established matrimonial relations with the dynasties of Jaisalmer and Bikaner.
(b) Providing high posts to Rajputs:----- Akbar gave high and reliable posts to Rajputs and other Hindus in every department. Bharmal, Bhagwandas, Mansingh, Kalyanmal etc. were appointed to higher posts. According to Ain Akbari, there were 17 Rajputs out of 51 mansabdars in Akbar's time.
(c) Religious Freedom:--- Like the early medieval sultans, Akbar did not adopt a narrow and conservative policy towards the Hindus, but he gave religious freedom to the Hindus. He also gave freedom to his Hindu queens to lead a Hindu life and worship. Jizya tax (1564 AD) and pilgrimage tax (1563 AD) and other religious taxes imposed on Hindus were abolished. The destruction of temples was stopped. The emperor adopted many Hindu customs. He started participating in Hindu festivals. Thus by adopting Hindu traditions, he succeeded in bringing Hindus closer.
(d) Aggressive Policy:----- With those Rajput kings who did not accept the subjugation of Akbar, he adopted an aggressive policy. Akbar first suppressed Merta in 1562 AD, Ranthambore in 1569 AD. Captured Chittor in 1568 AD. Even after the famous Haldi Ghati battle fought on June 21, 1576, he could not crush the power of the Mewar ruler Maharana Pratap.
(e) Abhay Dan policy (providing internal security):---- Although Akbar subjugated the Rajput rulers internally. These were the rulers who accepted the suzerainty of the Mughal emperor without considering themselves as weak. There was no interference in the internal affairs of these rulers. He did not try to destroy the social, religious and cultural traditions of the subordinate Rajput rulers.
*Results of Rajput policy*
The results of Akbar's Rajput policy proved to be very comprehensive and important. He contributed immensely to the political, administrative, military, economic, social, cultural and artistic progress that took place during the reign of Akbar. In brief, the results of Akbar's Rajput policy can be seen under the following contexts.
(1) Rajput strong pillars of the Mughal state:----- Rajput class, which till date was the most powerful enemy and opponent of medieval Muslims. Now these classes became the strong pillars of the Mughal Empire. He became a well wisher and well-wisher of the Mughal Empire.
(2) Increase in the military power of Akbar:----- Due to the recruitment of Rajputs in the army, the military power of the Mughal Empire increased tremendously and the Mughals succeeded in expanding their empire to the east and far south. He used Rajput kings against many Muslim kings and also against Rajput states. In this way, Akbar defeated the Rajput kings with the sword of Rajputs. Through the power of the Rajputs, he was able to control the foreign nobles as well.
(3) Coordination of Hindu-Muslim culture:----- As a result of Akbar's policy of religious tolerance, people of both Hindu and Muslim classes came closer to each other and the bitterness prevailed among them was removed. As a result, the syncretism of Hindu-Muslim cultures was established.
(4) Cultural results:----- Due to the cooperation and support of Hindus, Akbar established a peace system in the empire. Due to which multifaceted development took place in all fields like social, cultural, economic etc.
Positive aspects of Rajput policy:----- If Akbar's Rajput policy is observed properly, then it seems that Mughal-Rajput relations should be beneficial from the point of view of both sides. Where on the one hand, Akbar got the services of honest and courageous Rajput warriors, due to which Akbar was successful in suppressing the internal rebellion and expanding his empire. On the other hand Rajputs also got many benefits. They were appointed to important administrative and military posts, and were also given autonomy (independence) in their internal affairs. The intensity of Mughal-Rajput relations also paved the way for the integration of Hindu-Muslim culture. As a result, integrated culture developed in the fields of dress, food, customs, architecture, painting and music.
Negative aspects of Rajput policy:----- In the Rajput policy of Akbar, the emphasis was on monogamous marriage only. Akbar married many Rajput girls, but Muslim girls were not married to Rajputs. At the same time, the Mughal-Rajput relationship was based on a subtle balance, in which even the slightest injury to the self-respect or prestige of either side caused bitterness in the relationship.
Conclusion:---- On the basis of the above discussion, it can be said that the policy of liberal and tolerance adopted by Akbar in the context of Rajputs is of great importance. In fact, by establishing strong relations with the Rajputs, Akbar converted the enemies of the state into the tools of state building. And with the cooperation of Rajputs, not only the internal rebellion was suppressed, but Akbar also expanded his empire.
TAGS:- अकबर की राजपूत नीति के कारण, परिणाम एवं समीक्षा,Medievalhistory.

