NOTE:- ENGLISH AND HINDI LANGUAGE:-
प्रश्न---शाहजहाँ का शासन काल स्वर्ण युग के नाम से जाना जाता है। क्या आप इससे सहमत है।
अथवा
शाहजहाँ के शासन काल मे कला एवं साहित्य के विकास का विवरण दीजिए
Dr Om Prakash Singh
IN ENGLISH:-
Question: The reign of Shah Jahan is known as the Golden Age. Do you agree with this?
Or
Give an account of the development of art and literature during the reign of Shah Jahan.
Answer---- Shah Jahan has an important place in the Mughal emperors of Indian history. His period was the period of Mughal opulence. He was born on 5 February 1592 in Lahore in the womb of Jodha Bai, daughter of Raja Udai Singh of Marwar. His childhood name was Khurram. He was married in 1612 AD to Arjumand Bano Begum, daughter of Asaf Khan, brother of Nur Jahan. Which became famous in Indian history as Mumtaz Mahal. As a prince, he won many wars. The success of Mewar was unparalleled in his important successes. He got the title of Shah because of the southern conquest. Khurram forced Ahmednagar to make a treaty with his diplomacy. Pleased with this, Jahangir gave him the title of Shah Jahan. After the death of Jahangir, he ascended the throne on 14 February 1628 AD.
Achievements of Shah Jahan's reign---- Shah Jahan ruled India from 1628 to 1658 AD. During this period the country made progress in every field. Due to this all-round prosperity and development, Hunter said, "The Mughal Empire had reached the climax of its power and progress during the reign of Shah Jahan." According to Professor Shri Ram, "Shah Jahan's reign was proud and prosperous after that, so it can undoubtedly be called the Golden Age".Which is like this----
Prajavatsal Emperor ---- Shah Jahan used to treat his subjects like a son, he always supported the people in happiness and sorrow. Because of which the subjects of the empire used to love and love him from the heart. He had helped his subjects as much as possible during the famine in Gujarat and Khan Country. He opened restaurants in Burhanpur, Ahmednagar and Surat. Free food was given to the poor. 1/3rd of the revenue of the farmers was waived off. Trevanier wrote that "Shah Jahan did not rule like a king does over his subjects, but as a father does over his family and sons."
In terms of peace and order, the reign of Shah Jahan was the "Golden Age". Barring a few revolts, peace and order were established during this period. The subedars of all the provinces followed his orders. There was no such powerful person in India during his time who could challenge his sovereignty. All routes were safe. In the empire, all the subjects were living their life happily and peacefully, no one had any kind of problem.
Economic prosperity --- Shah Jahan's period was also very prosperous from the economic point of view, rewards were given to those who increased government income through agricultural work. His personal life was opulent, he had built "Takht-e-Taus" to increase his elegance. A large part of the government treasury was spent in the construction work, yet the period of Shah Jahan was prosperous from the economic point of view.
Advancement in trade--- During the reign of Shah Jahan, India's trade relations with the countries of West Asia became stronger than before. Many items made in India were sent to European countries. Indian merchants used to get an income of lakhs of rupees from this. All the facilities of transport were available to the traders.
Progress of Literature ---- It would not be an exaggeration to call the period of Shah Jahan as the period of progress of literature. The “Badshahnama” of Abdul Hamid Lahori, “Padshahnama” of Ahmad Kajnivi, “Mantakhb-ul-Lubab” of Khafi Khan, “Shah Jahannama” of Inayat Khan, etc. are famous historical texts of this period. Jagannath, Kalim, Chandrabhan, etc. were prominent among his court poets. Kavindracharya was a good scholar of Sanskrit literature. In Hindi literature, texts like "Singhsan Battisi", "Barahmasa" etc. were composed. Therefore, this period was also the best from the point of view of literature.
Music and Painting ------ Shah Jahan was a lover of music. His court was full of singers. He was also a good singer of music. Ramdas and Mohapatra were the main singers of his court. Praising the music of the emperor, Yadunath Sarkar has written that "Many Shudvatmas, Sufi mystics and many sages, saints who took sannyas from the world, also listened to his song and gave good wishes and used to get absorbed in ecstasy. .”
Shah Jahan was also a lover of painting. During this time, Mohammad Qadir, Asaf Khan, Anoop, Chitra, Fakiruullah etc. were famous painters of his time. Smith says that "painting reached its peak during the reign of Shah Jahan."
Architecture----- Shah Jahan's period is considered to be the "Golden Age" from the point of view of architecture. Although the beginning of Mughal architecture started from the time of Babur. But significant development was made in this area by Shah Jahan. The buildings built by him are incomparable in terms of artistic and ornamentation. Among these buildings the "Taj Mahal" is the best imitation of Shah Jahan. Which he built in the memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, which is one of the best buildings in the world. Apart from this "Peacock Throne" is also his priceless work. He got the grand "Red Fort" built in Delhi. Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, Diwan-i-Khas are very famous buildings inside the Red Fort. Some other buildings- Sheeshmahal, Musamman Burj, and Moti Masjid (in the fort of Agra), and Jama Masjid etc. are very proud.
Conclusion: - On the basis of the above details, we come to the conclusion that the period of Shah Jahan was actually the "Golden Age" of the Mughal period. Lenpool has also said, "Shah Jahan was famous for his generosity and that is why he was very dear to his subjects." During the reign of Shah Jahan, along with the splendor of the court and the rich, there was happiness and prosperity among the people as well. The main reason for this was long-term peace and good governance. Dr. Ar. P. Tripathi writes that "Shah Jahan's period was prosperous. Foreign travelers were astonished by the glitter of the frames and gems. Taj Mahal, Moti Masjid, Jama Masjid, Ali Masjid, Shahjahanabad Fort (Red Fort) today also expresses the greatness of the Mughal Sultanate and the glory of its reign."
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