NOTE:--- ENGLISH AND HINDI LANGUAGE:-
प्रश्न--- चन्द्रगुप्त द्वितीय की राजनीतिक एवं सांस्कृतिक उपलब्धियों का वर्णन करे।
- Must Read It:-गुप्तकाल भारतीय इतिहास का "स्वर्ण काल"
Question:
Describe the political and cultural achievements of Chandragupta II.
Or
Critically
evaluate the achievements of Chandragupta II.
Answer:
---
Chandragupta II is considered a great ruler of not only the Gupta dynasty but
also of ancient India. He was a great conqueror, successful diplomat, efficient
manager of governance, penetrating the arts, patron of scholars, lover of
poetry and a promoter of culture. If seen, the Gupta Empire was established by
Chandragupta I and Samudragupta started the expansion works of the empire and
Chandragupta Vikramaditya did the work of taking the empire to the top.
Chandragupta II was such a great ruler of Indian history, during whose reign
the Gupta Empire achieved progress in every field and due to this progress, the
Gupta Empire came to be known as the Golden Age in Indian history. Therefore,
the achievements of Chandragupta II can be mentioned under various subheadings.
1*Strengthening the position of the empire by matrimonial relations: ---- It is
likely that after the death of Samudragupta, the clouds of crisis were again
over the Gupta Empire. Ramgupta's rebellion and Shako's invasion may have
inspired other subordinate rulers to raise the flag of rebellion. To deal with
this situation, Chandragupta II first strengthened his internal position. He
made many kings his friends and benefactors by making a series of matrimonial
relations. The purpose of making matrimonial relations with these powerful
kings was that they should not attack his kingdom with any other king. For the
fulfillment of this purpose, he established matrimonial relations with many
dynasties.
1*
He married Kubernaga, the daughter of the Nag feudatories.
2*
He married his daughter Prabhavati to the brilliant and brave emperor Rudrasen
II of the Vakataka dynasty.
3*
He married Dhruvadevi, the widow of his eldest brother Ramgupta. Dr. Vicente
Smith attached great importance to these marital relations. According to him,
it was through them that he would have been able to protect India from Shako.
4* Chandragupta II married his son to the daughter of the mighty king of Kuntal.
These matrimonial relations had political significance during the time of Chandragupta II. These marital relations strengthened the position of Chandragupta. He got the friendship and protection of many influential rulers.
2* Military Campaign / Great Conqueror:---- Chandragupt II started his conquests by strengthening his position. His first victory was over the Shaka king Rudra Singh III. After defeating him, Chandragupta II expanded towards the west. After conquering the Shakas, he assumed the title of Vikramaditya. Coins of 'Singh Vikram' type were also issued in memory of Shaka-Victory. As a result of the victory over Shako, Chandragupta's authority was established over Malwa, Gujarat, Saurashtra and Kathiawar. Now the extent of the Gupta Empire reached the western sea.
The
second important task of Chandragupta II was to overthrow the power of the
republics of the North-West. These republics were destroyed. The power of the
Kushanas was destroyed forever. Mehrauli inscription shows that he extended his
power to Balkh in the west and Bengal in the east.
3* Administrative system:--- Chandragupta Vikramaditya was not only a politician, great conqueror and empire builder, but he was also an able administrator. His seals and inscriptions shed light on his governance system. The names of many office bearers are found in the seals and Damodarpur copper plates received from Vaishali. Some information is also obtained from the description of the Chinese traveler Fahien who came to India during his time (399 AD). The king was the head of the government. The prince also assisted him in administrative work. The chief officers of the state were the Uparikas (provincial rulers or governors), Mahadandanayakas (judicial officers), Vinayasthithapakas (to establish law and order), Mahapratiharas (chief guards of the palace), etc. Several tribunals (offices) are also mentioned in the seals. Prominent among these are- Kumaramatyadhikarana (office of the minister of the prince), Baladhikarana (office of the commander), Rambandadhikarana (office of the remaining corpus of the army), Dandapashadhikarana (police head office). The names of some of the feudatories and office bearers of Chandragupta are also found, such as Virasen, Shikharaswamy, Amrakardava, Govindgupta etc. Seals of Shresthi, Sarthavaha and Kulik categories have also been found.
The influence of the Mauryan and Scythian administrative systems can be seen in the provincial and local governance. There were also many subordinate rulers under Chandragupta, who had administrative independence. For administrative convenience, the empire was divided into Vishay, Bhukti and region. Corporations and guilds played a major role in local government.
4 * Other achievements:--- Chandragupta II has a unique place in ancient Indian history. He is known as a brave warrior, empire builder, efficient administrator and great diplomat. He was a Prajavatsalya ruler, who always wished for the welfare of his subjects. Despite being a Vaishnava himself, he adopted the policy of religious tolerance. Chinese traveler Fahien praises Chandragupta's liberal religious policy and charity. Chandragupta also changed the monetary system. In the time of his ancestors, only gold coins were in circulation but he also issued silver and copper coins. There are many types of coins of Chandragupta, his coins are mainly of archer, lion, horse and umbrella type. Chandragupta's bravery is revealed by the pictures and inscriptions of these coins. Some scholars believe that Chandragupta also performed Ashwamedha Yagya, but his Ashwamedha type coins have not been found. He was a lover of art and literature and a patron of scholars. His court was adorned with Navaratnas, the most famous of whom was the great poet Kalidas. At this time, there was unprecedented development in the economic field and various fields of arts, so many scholars believe that if the Gupta period was the "golden age" of Indian history, then that period was actually the reign of Chandragupta II Vikramaditya.
Conclusion:
--- On the basis of the above discussion, it would be fair to say that at this
time the governance and other systems of India were in an advanced stage. Man's
life was happy and peaceful. The religious policy of the state was liberal.
There was no interference from the state in the religious thoughts of man. The
king himself was a follower of Brahmin religion but he had good relations with
the followers of other religions. It is because of all these achievements that
the Gupta Empire represents a golden passage in Indian history.

