NOTE:--- ENGLISH AND HINDI LANGUAGE:-
प्रश्न-- आर्य कौन थे? उनके मूल निवास के बारे में
प्रचलित विभिन्न मतों की विवेचना करे।
अथवा
आर्यो की
उत्पत्ति से जुड़ी विभिन्न अवधारणाओं का वर्णन करे।
अथवा
क्या
आर्य लोग भारत के मूल निवासी थे?
Dr. Om Prakash Singh, Assistant Professor, Deptt of History, Government P.G CollegeThakurdwara, Moradabad (U.P) India.
IN ENGLISH:-
Question: Who were the
Aryans? Discuss the different beliefs prevailing about their original
residence.
Or
Describe the various concepts related to the origin of Aryans.
Or
Were the Aryans the original inhabitants of India?
Answer: -- After the decline of
the Indus Valley Civilization, different cultures emerged in different parts of
India. The most important of these is the Aryan civilization, before getting
information about the Vedic civilization or the Aryan civilization, the basic
question arises that who were the Aryans? Generally, a particular caste
can be understood by the word 'Aryan'. But this idea later proved to be
misleading. In fact, historically it seems difficult to associate the Aryans
with any particular caste. The word 'Arya' is from the Sanskrit language,
which means the best or the best or considered to be born of a high family. Therefore,
it seems more logical to say that the word 'Aryan' refers to a linguistic group
rather than to an ethnicity. Around 2000 BC, there were many populations that
spoke a variety of languages (Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, etc.). These are
called Indo-European languages. The people who spoke these languages were
called Aryans. Therefore, it becomes clear that the word Arya is not indicative
of any particular caste, but is indicative of linguistic class. The second
important question related to the Aryans is where was their abode? There is a
difference of opinion between scholars and historians in this regard. Some
scholars call India as the original country and original abode of Aryans.
Whereas some scholars have such a belief that the Aryans were foreigners, that
is, they came from outside and settled in India. Various scholars believe that
many concepts developed on the basis of linguistics, history, archaeology,
anatomy and semantics.
Concepts of Origin of Aryans: --- There is a difference of opinion among scholars regarding the origin of Aryans. Scholars have given many concepts related to the origin of Aryans, which can be mentioned as follows:
1* The original abode of
the Aryans was Europe
2* Central Asia, the
original country of the Aryans
3* Arctic region or
North Pole
4* India is the original
abode of Aryans
1* Adi Abode of Aryans
Europe: ---- Scholars of linguistics have considered the Aryans to be the
inhabitants of Europe on the basis of linguistic similarity. They claim to be
the original land of the Aryans in the grasslands of Austria-Hungary, Germany,
Sweden, Norway and South Russia. Sanskrit, Latin, German, Slavic etc. are the languages
of Aryan family. In Sanskrit language, parents are called Matri and Pitru.
Similarly, the words mater and peter are used in Latin language. Thus, on the
basis of mutual similarities of languages, scholars of linguistics are of the
opinion that the original Aryans lived in the European region. But the unity of
language does not prove the unity of caste. Words are exchanged through
language
Apart from linguistic
similarity, some scholars have described the Aryans as the inhabitants of
Europe on the basis of vegetation, geographical conditions and race. In which
the main scholars are P. Gilles, Penka etc. But their logic is also illusory.
2* Central Asia, the
original country of the Aryans: ---- Many scholars believe that the original abode
of the Aryans was Central Asia and from there they came to India. Many views
have been presented under this concept such as--
(a) There is a lot of
similarity in the literary text "Rigveda" of Aryans and "Zend
Avesta" of Iranians. Professor Max Müller expressed his opinion
on the basis of this similarity that the Aryans had come from Central Asia and
from there they went to different parts of Europe and Asia.
(b) These scholars were of
the belief that in the beginning the Aryans used to use 'Himvarsha' for
the calculation, but later they started calculating the year on the basis of
Sharad. This proves that the Aryans migrated to the south, where it was less
cold.
(c) The earliest records of
Aryans have been found from Central Asia. For example, in the "Bogajkoi"
inscription (1400 BC), many Vedic gods (Indra, Mitra, Varun) have been
mentioned. These deities are also mentioned in Rigveda. Hence it becomes clear
that the Indian Aryans were related to the Central Asian Aryans only.
Critics have refuted the
argument of Central Asia, saying that since the main occupation of the Aryans
was agriculture and animal husbandry. Therefore, they must have lived in a
place where the land is fertile and cultivable, there is an abundance of
pasture, but there is a lack of such areas in Central Asia. Critics also
believe that there is no indication of Asia in the Rigveda.
3* Resident of Aryan Arctic
region or North Pole:----- Famous Indian scholar Bal Gangadhar Tilak in his book "The
Arctic Home of the Aryans" has tried to prove that the original abode
of Aryans is the Arctic region or North Pole region. Was. His conclusion is
based on the geographical evidence mentioned in Rigveda and Avesta.
But many scholars do not agree with Tilak's opinion, their argument is that if the Aryans had been residents of the North Pole, they would not have called the 'Sapta Saindhav region' as 'Goddessised Yoni'. Along with this, the question is also worth considering that the North Pole is not explicitly mentioned in the Rigveda.
4* India is the original
abode of the Aryans: ----- Many Indian and some foreign scholars emphasize that in fact the
Aryans did not come to India from abroad, but they were originally residents of
India. Among the exponents of this opinion, AC Das, Gangadhar Jha, Dr. S.
Trivedi etc. are famous. Swami Dayanand Saraswati in his book
"Satyarth Prakash" has tried to prove that the original abode of
Aryans was Tibet. The biggest proof of the proponents of this view is that in
the languages of the Aryan family, the number of words in Sanskrit is more
than in other languages, but the number of those words is less in European
languages. Again, the geographical location and natural environment depicted in
the Rigveda is similar to that of the Saptsaindhav region. Gangadhar Jha
considers "Brahmarishi Pradesh" to be the abode of Aryans. Other
scholars consider the Saptaseindhav region, Tibet, Central Asia, Kashmir
or the Himalayan region as the original abode of the Aryans.
There are many flaws in
this view as well. The first question that arises is that if the Aryans were
residents of India, then why did not Aryanization of the whole of India happen
at the same time? It becomes clear in the Vedic literature that the Aryans
settled in the Saptsaindhav region in Aarambh and gradually they spread in the
Ganges valley. How the Indus civilization and Rigvedic civilization developed
under different circumstances, while the Aryans were the original inhabitants
of this place. In the context of answering these questions, we have to believe
that the original land of Aryans was not India.
Conclusion: ---- Based on the above
discussion it can be said that this is a very controversial question, but the
concept of Aryan arrival from Central Asia seems to be the strongest of all the
concepts. Therefore, it can be said that all the concepts related to the origin
of Aryans have their own different arguments and arguments. There is no one
theory which can be declared as the universally accepted truth and the Aryans
were the original inhabitants of India; there is no concrete evidence for this.
TAGS:-- Who were the Aryans? various concepts related to the origin of Aryans, Were the Aryans the original inhabitants of India, Ancienthistory.
